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Friday, July 6, 2012

Explosion at Kabul gas reservoir kills two

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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/explosion-kabul-gas-reservoir-kills-two-182841062.html

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Thursday, July 5, 2012

Shrews ?warm up? before cold dives

3 July 2012 Last updated at 08:45 By Ella Davies Reporter, BBC Nature, Salzburg, Austria

Thumb-sized shrews "warm up" their bodies before taking the plunge into cold water, according to researchers.

Scientists investigated how the shrews, known as the smallest diving mammals, coped with the challenges of diving.

Larger mammals are known to boost their chances of finding prey by staying cool to save energy and dive for as long as possible.

But the shrews raised their body temperature by up to 1.5C and took shorter dives in cold water.

"They were completely contrary to what we predicted," said Dr Kevin Campbell from the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada who presented the research at the Society for Experimental Biology's annual conference.

Continue reading the main story

A shrew's tale...

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Venomous bite: The European water shrew is the UK's only venomous mammal... but is it the deadliest?

In the past, research into diving ability in mammals has focused on large species including seals and penguins.

But Dr Campbell and his colleagues wanted to look at the other end of the scale. They spent over a decade working with tiny American water shrews (Sorex palustris), which weigh a maximum of 17g.

The thumb-sized animals are known for their voracious appetite, consuming their entire body weight in prey every day in order to survive, and Dr Campbell described them as "the most effective, ruthless predators I have ever seen".

Although they live on land they frequently hunt underwater, diving to catch prey such as dragonfly nymphs, crayfish and snails.

Dr Campbell explained that according to existing knowledge, the shrews' diminutive size should make them unsuitable divers.

"Optimal foraging theory would say you want to stay underwater as long as you can because that increases your likelihood of finding food," he said.

"This is why most diving animals are large, because the larger you are, you carry more oxygen and you burn it at a slower rate."

Continue reading the main story

?Start Quote

What we're thinking is that they are increasing their body temperature to increase their sensory system?

End Quote Dr Kevin Campbell University of Manitoba

By comparing them with short-tailed shrews, the team found that water shrews do have relatively greater oxygen stores but Dr Campbell described them as "pushing the boundary of size for divers".

To fully understand how the tiny animals survive their lifestyle, the scientists wanted to know if they were sharing any other strategies with larger divers.

"Another thing you can do to dive longer is to let your body temperature drop a little because then your metabolism slows down," explained Dr Campbell.

To test for this the team used miniature implants to record the water shrews' body temperatures before, during and after diving.

Dr Campbell and his colleagues monitored how the shrews' body temperatures changed when diving in a variety of different water temperatures in a tank specially designed to simulate their wild habitat.

The warmest water was 30C, close to the shrews' normal body temperature, but the coldest water was just 3C, mimicking winter water temperatures in their native North America and Canada.

To their surprise, the scientists found that the animals did not employ the usual strategy of lowering their temperature, choosing instead to minimise their dives in cold water.

The animals sought prey just as frequently but spent less total time in the water and took shorter dives.

Dr Campbell explained that this could be because losing heat poses a much greater risk for the shrews.

"When you're tiny you get to that [critically low] temperature much quicker, so you're much more susceptible to hypothermia," he said.

Instead the shrews maintained their temperature and even employed the opposite tactic; sitting at the water's edge and warming up by 1.5C before diving into the coldest water.

According to scientists the shrews were achieving the heat boost by shivering or using "brown fat" - tissue found in many small mammals that can generate heat without them exercising.

"What we're thinking is that they are increasing their body temperature to increase their sensory system," said Dr Campbell.

The water shrews employ sophisticated senses of hearing and touch to make them efficient hunters.

They are even known to "smell" underwater, bubbling air from their nose close to potential prey before sucking it back in.

The researchers suggested any drop in temperature would have a negative impact on these systems.

"We think there's been a trade-off here for the little guys," said Dr Campbell.

"They're going for shorter dives but they're much more efficient."

Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/18674864

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Wednesday, July 4, 2012

Car bomb kills 25 in southern Iraq: officials

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/bombs-targeting-pilgrims-iraq-kill-four-wound-21-064110178.html

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FACT CHECK: Buyer beware in health debate

WASHINGTON (AP) ? President Barack Obama promises nothing will change for people who like their health coverage except it'll become more affordable, but the facts don't back him up. Mitt Romney groundlessly calls the health care law a slayer of jobs certain to deepen the national debt.

Welcome to the health care debate 2.0. As the claims fly, buyer beware.

After the Supreme Court upheld the law last week, Obama stepped forward to tell Americans what good will come from it. Romney was quick to lay out the harm. But some of the evidence they gave to the court of public opinion was suspect.

A look at their claims and how they compare with the facts:

___

OBAMA: "If you're one of the more than 250 million Americans who already have health insurance, you will keep your health insurance. This law will only make it more secure and more affordable."

ROMNEY: "Obamacare also means that for up to 20 million Americans, they will lose the insurance they currently have, the insurance that they like and they want to keep."

THE FACTS: Nothing in the law ensures that people happy with their policies now can keep them. Employers will continue to have the right to modify coverage or even drop it, and some are expected to do so as more insurance alternatives become available to the population under the law. Nor is there any guarantee that coverage will become cheaper, despite the subsidies many people will get.

Americans may well end up feeling more secure about their ability to obtain and keep coverage once insurance companies can no longer deny, terminate or charge more for coverage for those in poor health. But particular health insurance plans will have no guarantee of ironclad security. Much can change, including the cost.

The non-partisan Congressional Budget Office has estimated that the number of workers getting employer-based coverage could drop by several million, as some workers choose new plans in the marketplace or as employers drop coverage altogether. Companies with more than 50 workers would have to pay a fine for terminating insurance, but in some cases that would be cost-effective for them.

Obama's soothing words for those who are content with their current coverage have been heard before, rendered with different degrees of accuracy. He's said nothing in the law requires people to change their plans, true enough. But the law does not guarantee the status quo for anyone, either.

So where does Romney come up with 20 million at risk of losing their current plans?

He does so by going with the worst-case scenario in the budget office's analysis. Researchers thought it most likely that employer coverage would decline by 3 to 5 million, but the range of possibilities was broad: It could go up by as much as 3 million or down by as much as 20 million.

___

ROMNEY: After saying the new law cuts Medicare by $500 billion and raises taxes by a like amount, adds: "And even with those cuts and tax increases, Obamacare adds trillions to our deficits and to our national debt, and pushes those obligations onto coming generations."

THE FACTS: In its most recent complete estimate, in March 2011, the Congressional Budget Office said the new health care law would actually reduce the federal budget deficit by $210 billion over the next 10 years. In the following decade, the law would continue to reduce deficits by about one-half of one percent of the nation's gross domestic product, the office said.

The congressional budget scorekeepers acknowledged their projections are "quite uncertain" because of the complexity of the issue and the assumptions involved, which include the assumption that all aspects of the law are implemented as written. But the CBO assessment offers no backup for Romney's claim that the law "adds trillions to our deficits."

___

OBAMA: "And by this August, nearly 13 million of you will receive a rebate from your insurance company because it spent too much on things like administrative costs and CEO bonuses and not enough on your health care."

THE FACTS: Rebates are coming, but not nearly that many Americans are likely to get those checks and for many of those who do, the amount will be decidedly modest.

The government acknowledges it does not know how many households will see rebates in August from a provision of the law that makes insurance companies give back excess money spent on overhead instead of health care delivery. Altogether, the rebates that go out will benefit nearly 13 million people. But most of the benefit will be indirect, going to employers because they cover most of the cost of insurance provided in the workplace.

Employers can plow all the rebate money, including the workers' share, back into the company's health plan, or pass along part of it.

The government says some 4 million people who are due rebates live in households that purchased coverage directly from an insurance company, not through an employer, and experts say those households are the most likely to get a rebate check directly.

The government says the rebates have an average value of $151 per household. But employers, who typically pay 70 to 80 percent of premiums, are likely to get most of that.

___

ROMNEY: "Obamacare raises taxes on the American people by approximately $500 billion."

THE FACTS: The tax increases fall heavily on upper-income people, health insurance companies, drug makers and medical device manufacturers.

People who fail to obtain health insurance as required by the law will face a tax penalty, although that's expected to hit relatively few because the vast majority of Americans have insurance and many who don't will end up getting it. Also, a 10 percent tax has been imposed on tanning bed use as part of the health care law. There are no other across-the-board tax increases in the law, although some tax benefits such as flexible savings accounts are scaled back. Of course, higher taxes on businesses can be passed on to the consumer in the form of higher prices.

Individuals making over $200,000 and couples making over $250,000 will pay 0.9 percent more in Medicare payroll tax and a 3.8 percent tax on investments. As well, a tax starts in 2018 on high-value insurance plans.

___

OBAMA: "Because of the Affordable Care Act, young adults under the age of 26 are able to stay on their parents' health care plans, a provision that's already helped 6 million young Americans."

THE FACTS: Obama is overstating this benefit of his health law, and his own administration knows better. The Department of Health and Human Services, in a June 19 news release, said 3.1 million young adults would be uninsured were it not for the new law. Obama's number comes from a June 8 survey by the Commonwealth Fund, a health policy foundation. It said 6.6 million young adults joined or stayed on their parents' health plans who wouldn't have been able to absent the law. But that number includes some who switched to their parents' plans from other coverage, Commonwealth Fund officials told the Los Angeles Times.

___

ROMNEY: "Obamacare is a job-killer."

THE FACTS: The CBO estimated in 2010 that the law would reduce the amount of labor used in the economy by roughly half a percent.

But that's mostly because the law will give many people the opportunity to retire, stay at home with family or switch to part-time work, since they will be able to get health insurance more easily outside of their jobs. That voluntary retreat from the workforce, made possible by the law's benefits, is not the same as employers slashing jobs because of the law's costs, as Romney implies.

The law's penalties on employers who don't provide health insurance might cause some companies to hire fewer low-wage workers or to hire more part-timers instead of full-time employees, the budget office said. But the main consequence would still be from more people choosing not to work.

Apart from the budget office and other disinterested parties that study the law, each side in the debate uses research sponsored by interest groups, often slanted, to buttress its case. Romney cites a Chamber of Commerce online survey in which nearly three-quarters of respondents said the law would dampen their hiring.

The chamber is a strong opponent of the law, having run ads against it. Its poll was conducted unscientifically and is therefore not a valid measure of business opinion.

___

Associated Press writers Andrew Taylor and Jim Drinkard contributed to this report.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/fact-check-buyer-beware-health-debate-162143653--finance.html

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Sex offender accused of attacking boy in Portland

This photo provided by the Portland Police Bureau shows Adam Lee Brown of Southwest Portland. Portland Police Bureau detectives booked Brown into the Multnomah County Jail on multiple felony charges as a result of a stabbing on Sunday, July 1, 2012 at a Wendy's fast-food restaurant. Brown, who is listed as a predatory sex offender, was charged with attacking and stabbing a boy at a Portland fast-food restaurant. He was on parole for a 1990s case that involved accusations he tried to infect children with the AIDs virus. The Oregonian reported that Brown was convicted of sodomy in 1993 in Douglas County. He pleaded no contest to reduced charges after he had been accused of attempted murder. He was paroled in 2004. (AP Photo/Portland Police Bureau)

PORTLAND, Ore. (AP) ? A man listed on state records as a predatory sex offender and charged with stabbing a boy in Portland on Sunday was on parole for a 1990s case that involved accusations he tried to infect children with HIV.

Police arrested 49-year-old Adam Lee Brown after a two-hour standoff at a fast-food restaurant Sunday afternoon. A 10-year-old boy he's accused of stabbing is recovering after surgery at a Portland hospital.

The Oregonian reported (http://bit.ly/LsynXQ) that Brown was convicted of sodomy in 1993 in Douglas County. He pleaded no contest to reduced charges after he had been accused of attempted murder.

He was paroled in 2004.

He pleaded not guilty Monday to recent charges.

Police say he shoved the boy into a restroom and tried to sexually assault him, but the boy fought back.

___

Information from: The Oregonian, http://www.oregonlive.com

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/386c25518f464186bf7a2ac026580ce7/Article_2012-07-02-Predator-Boy%20Attacked/id-79c6f55cc67c4e27868ddbdfd876dc1d

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